Measuring jumps during granular chute-flows using X-ray radiography

The present paper describes laboratory tests on steady granular flows down a smooth chute using X-ray radiography. By an original set-up with gate at its end, standing discontinuites in height, velocity and density, namely jumps, were produced during the flows. radiography was successful to get consistent measurements of free-surface density profiles along under different flow states: (nearly) uniform before gradually-varied after highly non-uniform across jumps. This demonstrates efficiency measure